Professional development and ethics

Question: Disk about the Professional turn of events and morals. Answer: My name is Christopher Maina holder of a Bachelors certificate in Education studying science and workmanship. My enthusiasm is composing and investigating with the assistance of a PC. I consider life to be one acceptable chance to exceed expectations in the field of specialization. I have a solid character which contributes towards my achievement in whatever that I do. It is So that over quite a while I have been appreciating composing articles and scholarly diaries. My past experience incorporates educating and bookkeeping basing on the way that I have sought after a records course. I am actually qualified PC support and fix of equipment and programming establishment. From my youth I have been acceptable at composing short stories and hardware taking care of. I am extremely energetic about learning material science and PC designing. Feelings are joined in the meaning of perspective and the thus the qualities that are related to the value alluded to as the enormous (Albert, 2012). On occasion I am extremely aggressive in specialized languages when making an introduction. I have chipped in as a consultant in specialized issues identifying with PC and furthermore in network base tasks where I contributed towards cleaning the general public. I have picked MBA because of one basic purpose behind being a specialist and doctorate holder. My objective job is acting in proficient way in film industry. I delighted in learning at one of the most perceived establishments in the nation. I have done an undertaking as a venture of my Bachelors qualification on Finance. I was a piece of a venture on showing programs while functioning as an understudy at a higher organization. I have done some administration subjects on business and created enthusiasm for business organization. The way of life is a consolidated case of human lead including contemplations, convictions, and techniques for conveying, connections, feelings, qualities, practices and conventions (Chamberlain, 2005). Competency is a lot of aptitudes, capacities, information, capacities and the inspirational demeanor that makes an individual to play out the undertaking distributed in a compelling manner to accomplish the objectives. Accomplishment in crafted by supervisors is found out by cooperation of the workers in a powerful way. Individuals from various locales meet up and work together to accomplish a typical target (Richard, 2014). The perspective if socio-social competency involves getting the information on the individual culture and the possibility to comprehend the distinctions that exist among the individuals with various assorted varieties or originating from various territories. Culture is characterized as the conduct that individuals depict from a specific gathering or source. Culture stretches out to a condition that it is carrier of human sagacity that utilizes an assortment of human practices. All together for a director to roll out a positive improvement in the general public he/she must be conventional in leading the obligations of administrator. Conventional methods bearing the obligation as the principal individual appointed with that command. Initiative is grasped in proficient viewpoint by being appealling in the doings. The director ought to persuade individuals and be prepared to control the general public to the better of things to come. An incredible pioneer needs to have polished methodology aptitudes at unequaled. Debilitating the terrible ethics and empowering the creative thoughts from the general public is an attribute of a decent pioneer. Responsibility is simply the capacity to devote regardless of the conditions that are in presence. An instructor as a calling is constantly dedicated in conveying the best to the understudy and improving good uprightness consistently. Demeanor in the board is significant on the grounds that it perceives the exertion of others. Acknowledging others is the way to coordination and corporate administration in the organisations.Learning is encouraged among the individuals living in the general public by sharing thoughts and getting furnished with ingenious materials. Social compassion is joining assorted variety and thinking in an alternate point of view. There is capacity to acknowledge and recognize others culture and their perspective relating to the issue of the executives and polished skill. The outside society has a one of a kind method of producing thoughts and making sense of issues just as taking care of specialized issues. Sentiments are shared where sympathy wins between at least two individuals with various social foundation and customs. There is attention to comprehend the properties of another general public that is found in a similar territory and how they will in general contrast. Tolerating analysis is one method of coordinating and sharing information. The general public needs very much typified people to distinguish the frail zones and create answers for the difficulties. Great good examples go about for instance to the adolescent and up and coming pioneers who seek to be in top position come one day. Supervisors can change the thought of average quality and teach positive reasoning. Outside society has an exceptional method of producing thoughts and making sense of issues just as taking care of specialized issues (Thomas, 2014). References Albert, P. (2012). Feelings as fused in the meaning of perspective and the henceforth the qualities that are related to the value alluded to as the immense. Diary of showing aptitudes, 23, 347-567. Chamberlain, K., Daniel, P. (2005). The way of life is a joined case of human lead including contemplations, convictions, and strategies for imparting, connections, feelings, qualities, practices and customs. Australia: Herman press. Richard, M. (2014). The individuals from various locales meet up and work together to accomplish a typical goal. London: European press. Thomas, L. (2014). The remote society has a one of a kind method of creating thoughts and making sense of issues just as tackling specialized issues. Sydney: Newman press. Proficient Development and Ethics Question: Talk about the Professional Development and Ethics. Answer: Presentation: The globe has found in its written history a pattern of progress in each field and builds up a typical least program for all. The patterns of progress in the Globe had been both in regards to innovation and with regards to social decent variety where Globe is an expansive road with different kinds of individuals are tending to and drawing one with their contributions. The pattern which is noticeable in the present globe is delivered because of these two immense issues driving the change. The comprehensive view is that the globe is a network of assorted individuals who have moved from different spots to settle in an alternate area by and large. The innovation skill has given the organizations the enthusiasm to put into it to build up an item superior to the contenders at an extremely serious cost. The web has brought the purchaser and business more close than any time in recent memory. The customary upgrade of monetary exercises has a lot of impact which obviously is now and again mad e to experience the ill effects of fake choppiness for political reasons (Theecologist.org, 2016). Worldwide and Local Megatrends The worldwide patterns show that there are abundantly number of brands creating a similar item and guaranteeing them to be the best at a serious cost. The business picked would be E-retails which is a developing business of the day, on account of the huge system of web availability to a wide gathering of individuals. The business that I wish to wander would have a one of a kind item which I like since I am into the utilization of the item and comprehend the significance of it in different parts for the individuals like me with a distinct fascination for tests. The Indian percussion and Drums have a constrained market. The individuals who love music wish to taste all tones imaginable are the objective market for me. The style of playing and the tone of drums from the Indian Subcontinent is a tremendous vault of value item articulation that has supported numerous combination specialists from west to attempt such tone and thumps to their structures (Uwcc.wisc.edu, 2016). Ecological Analysis, Blue Sky Thinking, and Envisioning the Future The Drums are made by the conventional handicraftsmen who are occupied with making such things, and they are bounty in number living in each edge of the subcontinent. The opposition of the item in the global market is insignificant on the grounds that the individuals who are selling by means of Amazon like retail sites are not the conventional maker or maker. They don't have an a lot of decisions also to feature. Here the arrangement becomes an integral factor where the scientist wishes to assemble an agreeable between the makers by means of the Internet and fabricate a unit independently where all have equivalent offer and rights to see the item portrayal. It additionally requests to know about the patterns and in this manner deal with their assembling or change of style of introduction according to their will (Vukanovic, 2011). Area Based Business Accumulations and Professionalism Based out of any area the business can be checked and overseen where each partner would have an information on what is happing inside the agreeable. Hence, it tends to be said that a business is going worldwide from being a household item to accomplish its place in universal music styles as being tested. The items have its extraordinary tone and method of playing which the business is wanting to put on YouTube soon with the goal that the purchasers globally having an enthusiasm for Music and percussions to get a thought and attempt their stuff. The future is by all accounts incredible since the individuals who are producing gets the immediate contact with the clients and getting their levy. I, be that as it may, have a section in the business where the agreeable remembers me as the Internet facilitator for which they would pay me 7% of every thing sold by means of the enrolled e-retails shops, both universally or in the residential market (Thomas, 2012). Various types of Professionalism The market for the conventional society instruments is in the tax-exempt item class, and each piece of the land has its one of a kind

A design of the promotional gift Essay Example for Free

A structure of the limited time blessing Essay Hello, women and men of honor. I’m Jackie Lee, planner of an organization. Much obliged to you for allowing me a chance to take an interest in this opposition to present my limited time blessing structure. The objective of my introduction is to present my special blessing plan, silicone watch, which is for my organization. Right off the bat, I will present my organization foundation and the explanation of why I have a capability to take an interest of this opposition. Next, I might want to discuss why my plan can have the market esteem. At that point, I might want to depict the element and advantages of my structure, and clarify how do my plan can advance my organization business. At long last, I will have an inquiry and answer. I might want in the first place some foundation data. My organization is an enormous enterprise which is with numerous organizations and the matter of my organization are predominantly build up some creative and innovation items. As last time I have structured another silicone watch to be my company’s special blessing. After this, we have gotten numerous positive remark from our customers. As the outcome, my organization request that I join this opposition to upgrade our organization prominence. See more: Unemployment issues and arrangements article As all of you know, instant blessing in the market are not fulfill the dynamic structure of pattern. Subsequently, my organization structure remarkable organization endowments which best to suit our clients’ ordinary needs and way of life. The result of this sort of silicone watch is exceptionally mainstream these days. Many watch organization and electronic organization are both produce and selling the silicone watch and the vast majority of the client are very enthusiasm of this item as a result of the enduring quality and it is reasonableness. Therefore I structure a special silicone watch for our organization customers. Also, this is the structure of my silicone watch. On my plan, I have picked distinctive shading reach to suit to my item that can let our customer to pick their shading which additionally speak to our organization is giving many decides to our customers. In addition, I additionally include a waterproof capacity into the item which can make it dependable and to introduce the high expert nature of my organization. What's more, the last extraordinary advantage of the structure is there are a capacity can interface with your octopus which additionally demonstrating our organization innovation and make the client increasingly helpful. After we sent the blessing to our customer, we got numerous positive remark of our customer lastly advance the matter of our organization viably.

Shylock Victim or Villian Essay Example For Students

Shylock Victim or Villian Essay January 21, 1994 Shylock-Victim or VillainIn 1594 the Earl of Essex, an English Nobleman who lived during the Elizabethan time frame in England, was effectively engaged with the abuse and preliminaries of Roderigo Lopez. Lopez was a Jew of Portuguese plummet, who was wrongly blamed for endeavoring to harm the Queen of England, for reasons never completely clarified. Lopez, being the Queens imperial doctor, was in no situation to safeguard himself once he was charged. Essex, who gave the proof additionally directed the preliminary of Lopez, leaving Lopez minimal possibility of endurance. The blameless Jew was hanged, drawn, and quartered in Tyburn, England for all to observe. The narrative of Roderigo Lopez is like the account of Shylock, in spite of the fact that, Palmer reveals to us It isn't recommended that Shakespeare in depicting Shylock, had any political or social expectations ( 112-13). The two Jews were put in time where hostile to Semitism was in style (Palmer 113), and bot h tossed into court where they would be attempted shamefully. The tale of Roderigo Lopez establishes the pace for The Merchant of Venice. Lopez episode happened in 1594, The Merchant of Venice was composed just two years after the fact. Against Semitism was common during Shakespeares time, and in this manner we should comprehend that it was as simple for him to make a Jewish man the miscreant as it would be for us to make a Nazi the scalawag. As indicated by Sylvan Barnet The Merchant of Venice shows the expansive diagram of a parody (not simply a play with jokes, however a play that closes cheerfully). . . the lowlife in the parody must be altogether wretched, or, rather, amusingly contemptible; he can't for a second increase the crowds compassion (1). Shylock has regularly been depicted as the scoundrel in The Merchant of Venice. From being more worried about his ducats instead of his girl, to requesting his pound of tissue, Shylock fits splendidly into the form of the miscreant. Notwithstanding, regarding Barnets remark he can't for a second addition the crowds compassion (1), Shylock exceeds the limits of his terrible character. The crowd can't and would not have pull for Shylock during Shakespeares lifetime, yet, presently we do. Shylock is just a survivor of hostile to Semitism. Albeit triumphant in his bond, Shylock was assaulted of his properties, his confidence and his pride. Shylock not the fundamentally the reprobate, rather the person in question. Shakespeare takes as much time as necessary before presenting Shylock, be that as it may, when he does, he shows us a better than average businessperson. Bassanio May you stead me? Will you delight me?Shall I know your answer?Shylock Three thousand ducats for three monthsand Antonio bound. Bassanio Your response to that. Shylock Antonio is a decent man. Bassanio Have you heard any ascription to the contrary?Shylock Ho no, no, no, nomy significance in sayinghe is a decent man, is to have you comprehend me that heis adequate. However his methods are in speculation : he hathan argosy bound to Tripolis, another to the Indies;I see in addition upon the Rialto he hath a thirdat Mexico, a fourth for England, and different endeavors he hath wasted abroad. Be that as it may, ships are however boards,sailors yet menthere be land-rodents and water-rats,land-criminals and water-thievesI mean privateers and afterward there is hazard of waters, winds, and shakes. Theman is, in any case, adequate. 3,000 ducatsI figure I may take his bond (I. iii. 7-26.). Through this whole trade Shylock says that Antonio is monetarily fit. Shylock realizes that Antonio is useful for the 3,000 ducats. At that point, as any great businessperson would do, he thinks about how Antonio, a shipper, has the entirety of his boats adrift. He discusses the perils of ocean and how Antonio may not recover the entirety of his boats, provided that this is true, he won't have the cash. It is here that we start to get a brief look at Shylocks evilness. The man is, not withstanding, adequate. 3,000 ducatsI figure I may take his bond (I. I. 25-26.). Shylock understands his chance, he can benefit from this endeavor. Shakespeare starts to make his lowlife, we must choose the option to abhor this man.Shakespeare keeps on building his miscreant by giving Shylock an aside wherein he uncovers his scorn for Antonio, in light of the fact that he is a Christian and he loans cash

North Koreas nuclear arsenal - Free Essay Example

North Koreas nuclear arms have become a concerning issue for the United States and for the world. Many solutions have been considered as an alternative to a mass war, but none of the solutions have been executed. This impending nuclear war would result in widespread catastrophe. North Korea is believed to have more than a dozen types of bombs and is the worlds most active seller of nuclear knowledge (Shuster and Miller 30). This threat needs to be dealt with in the best possible form and with the most effective approach. On July 4, 2017, North Korea tested their intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and forced America to become aware of the threat (Klare 4). The United States had to realize that nuclear weapons are still a threat to be reckoned with. This missile could reach Alaska, and in the future, have the ability to reach Los Angeles, New York, or Washington DC (MacKenzie 25). This ICBM test on Americas Independence Day acts as a threat to American independence, freedom, and safety. This threat endangers American lives and is spreading across the world as imminent danger. Although the threat is not greatly endangering to the United States yet, it is a threat to areas surrounding North Korea. Any attack on North Korea would result in mass killing and destruction in South Korea, and possibly Japan (Klare 6). A minimal attack would lead to mass catastrophe around the world. The missile does not seem to be a major threat to countries without a destructive nuclear device attached. The IC BM has the capability to hold a nuclear device because of the carbon heat shield that it carries, keeping the nose cool enough to carry the device without destroying it (MacKenzie 25). With the added threat of the missiles capabilities, America is in grave danger and needs to take action against the impending attack. The number of nuclear-armed countries has grown from five to as many as nine since the 1970s, and the threat of World War III has been recognized by all of the secondary nuclear threats (Shuster and Miller 30). All of the nuclear-armed countries increase the risk of more danger in the United States. World War III would bring chaos to every country and threaten military defenses. The United States could not afford another World War in the aspect of money, preparation, and time. The nuclear threat is important because Kim Jong-un, North Koreas leader, is developing ICBMs rapidly with the capability of delivering nuclear warheads to America (Klare 4). Kim Jong-uns relentless determination in attacking the United States with North Koreas nuclear weapons is terrifying to the American people. There are many solutions to the threat of the nuclear arms, but they have not been acted upon. The solution would need to be a negotiated or defensive approach toward the nuclear issue. Any successful approach to the nuclear issue needs to be incremental, practical, and cooperative in nature (Shen 345). Taking a negotiated approach is a solution that is plausible to many people and nations. The United States would need to warn against military force and instead press for negotiated outcomes (Klare 8). A popular approach is the three noes policy, North Korea would have no further development of nuclear weapons, no trading of nuclear weapons outside of the North Korean border, and no using, or threatening to use, nuclear weapons (Shen 345). This would limit North Koreas powers and increase global harmony. The leaders of these nations would need to sit down and adopt a common structure for the limits of military action to achieve peace (Klare 8). Peace for the world is crucial when facing the threat of war. In return for cooperation in the three noes policy, North Korea would receive benefits including security, normalization of North Koreas relations with the United States and other countries, and the removal of sanctions of trade (Shen 345-346). This negotiation could lead to more allies, trade, and equipment. Another solution to the threat is better weapons and defense mechanisms for America. The Missile Defense Agency can only make minimal improvements because of poor funding from the government (Karako 29). Funding needs to be increased in order to provide safety for America and the citizens. Without this increased funding, America is left vulnerable to the weapons of other countries. If America plans to react with the defensive approach, research and development would be crucial for furthering the United States weapons. New weapons like directed-energy weapons, such as a laser mounted on and unmanned aerial vehicle, could have the ability to defeat missiles in their boost phase (Karako 30). These types of weapons are important if the nuclear arms race continues as it has been. Nuclear war is an impending thought and could lead to an eventual World War III. The threat of this impending war forces the government to look at the different approaches to the nuclear threat and decide what is best for the nation and the trusting citizens. People look to President Donald Trump when searching for the United States solution to the nuclear threat. Donald Trump says that the countrys biggest problem is some maniac obtaining a nuclear weapon (Shuster and Miller 30). Nearly anybody could gain access to ingredients to build a weapon of mass destruction, and that is a terrifying reality for many citizens. America has different aspects that the leaders need to look at when dealing with the imminent threat of a nuclear attack from North Korea. Any decision made could be detrimental to the citizens of the United States and the allies of the United States. In 2010, the Obama administration stated that the United States was, at the time, in an advantageous position compared to the nuclear threat from North Korea (Karako 29). Almost a decade later, positions have changed and America may not be in a state of complete protection and control. President Donald Trump also plays a key role in determining what danger new types of bo mbs would be in the coming years (Shuster and Miller 33). The government will need to assess every threat that comes with the missile. With other threats on the rise, the government needs to react soon and effectively. Other countries have a different approach to the nuclear problem. China, an ally of North Korea, is unwilling to see North Korea collapse and refuses to risk war (Shen 345). An ally of North Korea has a different view than a country that is not aligned with North Korea. Those countries not aligned with North Korea are held together by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); this is a form of protection for those not aligned with North Korea. When the NATO spread to the eastward side, it reached Russia and created a chain of US-armed states surrounding China (Klare 4). This blockade caused tension between North Korea and the organization because China and North Korea are allies. Russia and China responded to the testing of the ICBM in North Korea by arranging meetings directed towards preventing further nuclear development in exchange for stopping the United States and South Korean military exercises that would bring a threat to Kim Jong-uns rule (MacKenzie 25). This neg otiated approach has proven to be resourceful for Russia and China when protecting their citizens from endangering nuclear harm and mass killings. Many other detrimental weapons have surfaced in the nuclear arms race. A metallic lump packed together with high explosives, known as a dirty bomb, could poison the surrounding area by the blast zone with toxic levels of radiation (Shuster and Miller 30). This threat is an addition to the threat of the missile and forces people to question if North Korea is capable of anything more. A dangerous weapon that does more damage after the blast, like the dirty bomb, is extremely harmful to people in the surrounding areas. The only defense that America has against a long-range ballistic missile is the Ground-based Midcourse Defense system, which is a critical but thin defensive program (Karako 29). Without negotiation, the United States is left vulnerable to the growing number of nuclear weapons. North Korea has the threat of the capability of technology needed to attach a hydrogen bomb to the missile (Karako 29). This technology could open up an entirely new arms race and create a l arger threat to the American people. America needs to take a negotiated approach towards the issue. Negotiating with the surrounding countries towards world peace is crucial for global harmony. If the defensive approach were to be taken, it would be extremely costly to the American budget. The United States government has provided over $50 million in aid to help the former Soviet republic, consisting of only 3.7 million people, in combating the trade in nuclear materials (Shuster and Miller 31). This amount of money cannot be spent on defending nuclear issues for the United States, much less for other countries. Along with other expenses, an addition of a defensive site on the East Coast of the United States would have a cost of $2 billion (Karako 29). This lofty amount of money could be spent on other items benefiting the United States. Instead, America is considering wasting the money on funding a defensive attack that they could not afford. Negotiating the end of the nuclear arms race would lead to the lack of a need to spend such a great amount of money on such a miniscule thing. A North Korean denuclearization could not be achieved at once, but North Korea might eventually be ready to take concrete steps toward the end of their entire nuclear arsenal (Shen 346). A negotiated process may take time, but this amount of time and effort will be worth it in the end. This process would save American lives, lives of other countries, money, and valuable resources. The government needs to address the issue for the American people and ensure safety in daily life. The lack of nuclear resources that the United States has must be considered when dealing with the nuclear situation. Negotiating peace with North Korea would lead to peace between the countries and increased trade and resources that are valuable to the citizens. America needs to take a negotiated approach toward the issue because of the repercussions of other decisions that could be made. America cannot afford war when there is a simple solution to the nuclear arms problem.

Computer Software Attacks - 605 Words

According to Ponemon Institute Research Report , Virus, worms, Trojans and malware are the most common type of attacks. These are most preventable with robust anti-virus and anti-malware software. Many people think that having a good anti-virus or an inbuilt firewall will prevent most of the attacks. These security measures will not control most of the other attacks like Denial of Service, Zero-Day exploits or malicious codes. The same reports also state that the cost of Virus, Worms, Trojans, and Malware attack are the lowest among all other types of attack. (Ponemon Institute 2013). So even if the company spent most of their security budget on anti-virus, it will still incur a huge cost if any other attacks are successful. According to hackmageddon.com, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) and SQL Injection (SQLi) are the top two attack techniques in the year 2013 (Passeri 2014). These types of attack can only be prevented with proper network planning and regularly testing network infrastructure for possible security issues. As more and more tools are available to amateur hackers they will try or attempt to break into insecure networks using most vulnerable exploits (DataLossDB, Data Loss - Latest Incidents 2014). The success of these network attacks can lead to data theft, data loss, compliance failures and website outages. These breaks can do not only cause legal issue due to failure of compliance, but may likewise result in customer dissatisfaction. DissatisfiedShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Software Security1161 Words   |  5 PagesSoftware Security The software security is very important issue among all the software. All the software’s must have the good security in order to prevent it from the different attacks from the internet like the viruses and many other attacks online which can harm the computer sufficiently. 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The Parents Music Resource Center and Music Today free essay sample

In society music Is an extremely Important form of art. It Is one of the most sincere forms of expression. Music can influence people from many different backgrounds and cultures. Musicians have the same freedom of speech rights as any other United States citizen. In the mid sasss rock musicians rights were challenged with issues including censorship and first amendment guarantees. The MARC (or Parents Music Resource Center) was a committee formed in 1985 by the wives of several congressmen. They Included Tipper Gore, Susan Baker, wife of Treasury Secretary James Baker, and Nancy Drummond, wife of Senator StormDrummond. Their mission was to educate parents about alarming trends in popular music (Encyclopedia, 11/22/04. ) Out of all the many styles of music in this particular case only rock music is mentioned. Society is always impacted by music. At the time, rock music was the most popular. This caused the affects to be much stronger. That is also why the MARC directed the most attention toward rock, rather than country, hip-hop, blues, or dance music. The MARC easily became a national movement. All of the women involved had connections to the government, which gave them an added power and access to aka the group national. On or about May 31, 1985, the MARC sent a letter to Stanley Gorton, then president of the Recording Industry Association of America (ARIA), accusing the record Industry of exposing the youth of America, to sex, violence, and the glorification of drugs and alcohol .. . The letter went on to demand a rating system for rock records similar to the MAMA rating system for films (Kappa, 1989. ) Frank Kappa was one of the first musicians to speak against the MARC. He began by writing a letter to the music industry. His letter expressed his thoughts and feelings toward the whole situation.Within this open letter Kappa states, A record company has the right to conduct Its business and make a profit, but not at the expense of the people who make the product businesspeople still has to write and perform the music (Kappa,1989. ) Unfortunately, the letter did not make much of an impact. Kappa, then decided to take the issue a step further and wrote a letter to the president. The letter he wrote influenced a speech President Reagan gave on the situation. Which, later lead to public court hearings discussing the issues the MARC raised. The Senate Hearing on record labeling, held on September 19, 1985, was arguably he best attended and media-covered hearing ever held before any Senate Committee (Defile,1993. ) The ARIA and individual record companies wanted the situations to be dealt with as quickly as possible. They did not want to cause a lot of trouble. There were many musicians involved within the trial process. Some of the most famous witnesses were Frank Kappa, Dee Snider, John Denver, and Jell Bavaria. During the hearing, there was a focus on fifteen different songs.The songs on the list Lapper, Madonna, Deaf Leopard, and Twisted Sister (Encyclopedia, 11/22/04. ) Frank Kappa, was an interesting witness. His lyrics were never questioned. None of the artists who made it onto the list which became know as The Marcs Filthy Fifteen had anything in their lyrics even close to the stuff in my catalog, and yet, for some reason, was never accused of being a Violator' (Kappa,1989. ) The First Amendment of the Constitution gives citizens the freedoms of religion, press, assembly, petition, and most important to the MARC hearings, speech. Obscenity is not protected by the amendment and that is where a lot of controversy Nas caused. The line between what is obscene and what isnt obscene is hard to determine. Many proposals were made throughout the hearing, after all the debates, Ententes, and testimonials the case was finally settled. Even before the trial was complete the MARC and ARIA had made a compromise. Following the Hearing, on November 1 of 1985, the MARC, and its ally the National Parents and Teachers Association, reached an agreement with the ARIA on the voluntary record label.The agreement stipulated that the printing of lyrics remained optional and, because of space limitations, cassettes were exempted, bearing only the imprint see LAP for lyrics. Since then, different record companies designed their own label containing the words Parental Guidance Explicit Lyrics or some variation thereof (Defile, 1993. ) Many record stores refused to sell albums containing the label (most notably Wall-Mart) and others limited the sale of those albums to minors. The label became known as the Tipper sticker.Some politicians attempted to criminality the sale of explicit records to minors, and others went so far as to try to ban such records (Encyclopedia,11/22/04. ) The activities of the MARC and the record industrys response on the issue since then are not very clear. Some, usually smaller, companies have continued to refuse putting labels on records, and generally the response on the part of the musicians was not favorable, feeling that the ARIA had sold teethe sales of records, however, do not seem to have been affected (Defile, 1993. ) Today it is common to see advisory stickers on CDC.However, they are not required, but suggested. There are no major consequences currently for not having labels on music. Now the MARC has moved into the world of video, complaining about television, home video and MET (Kappa,1989. ) Currently there are not many mainstream organizations that have intentions like the MARC. Most of the groups that permute censorship are a much smaller scale. It is not likely for them to gain any national status. These groups are unlikely to gain following because many musicians today make different versions of their record.These records come in a clean erosion with less obscenities and the regular version, including all obscenities. This is logical on behalf of the musicians. It is a large step forward in preventing anything like the MARC happening again. Also, the different versions of records please the people who would be against obscenity. The music industrys self-regulation of lyrics through parental warning labels is drawing a not-so-fine line between black and white, an expert on music censorship says (Adelaide,11123/04. According to this source, in some situations todays music is being used to label more than content. Most of todays CDC that carry the Parental Advisory label are from African- American rap and hip-hop artists (Adelaide, 11/23/04. ) Not only does the as the causes of destructive behaviors. There are many indications of the destructive behaviors caused by music. During the 1999 Columbine High School attacks, the music the students listened to was looked into, as a possible reason why their actions Nerve so violent. Also, in 1999 the pop-punk band Blink 182 released a song called Dams Song. On May 4, Columbine High School student Greg Barnes took his own life at his house Dams Song was set to repeat on the CD player when the student Nas found hanged. The band sympathizes with the loss, but singer/bassist Mark Hoops told LAUNCH (the interview source) that people need to sit down and listen to the lyrics to get the inherently positive message in the song. Any intelligent person that listens to that song will know that its an anti-suicide song, and so if you listen to the lyrics its pretty self-explanatory that its about going through a hard time and finding the strength to go on, he said. It was a very unfortunate thing that happened and our heart goes out to the kids fam ily, but the song itself. . . I think the message is pretty clear actually(Rosen, 11/23/04. ) Music is constantly interpreted and misinterpreted. It is up to an individual, or parent in a childs case to pick out hat kind of music they want to listen to. Another responsibility of the consumer is to recognize the difference between artist intent and how one perceives the meaning of song. People tend to be afraid to take responsibility for their own actions, so they go ahead and blame others. Musicians and other celebrities are an easy target. In regards to suicides being blamed on music, that is an unfair statement to make. The artists should not be faulted for another persons decision. Suicide is a bigger issue Nothing itself. Although it may make sense to blame an outside source, suicide should be looked at in a much larger spectrum. History of all kinds is important. It tells the stories of how countries and societies came to be. Music is probably one of the largest reflections of society.Music can express how an individual or groups of people feel about a certain topic. Through the tempo and melody of a song emotions can be described. Lyrics are written about love, hate, politics, friendship, life, death, money, sex, and society. There is not a subject in the world that music has not addressed. Although the sole purpose of music is to entertain, there is no doubt that t does a lot more than that. Music captivates people, it makes people aware of issues present in the world, music inspires people to say what they think, and music teaches many lessons. The MARC case is a big deal in music history. It was a change of an era. In the sasss and the sasss most people were not concerned with the possibility of negative effects in their music. In the sasss that concept changed. The MARC became a large scandal between the musicians expressing their opinions and the conservative adults who wanted to protect children from the negative actions that music could lead them to take part in. The MARC court hearings showed people expressing their thoughts in a powerful way.Without this taking place who knows Inhere music would be today. Frank Kappa, Tipper Gore and all the other people involved within the MARC case made a difference in the music world. The compromise the MARC and the ARIA made was quite simple, but well though out. Complete censorship is unfair and illegal, but warning the consumer about the material is fair and understandable. Although it does not matter who won the case, all that matters is that they were involved. These are the people that shaped how the always under consideration.

Morgan Stanley free essay sample

The challenges faced by Morgan Stanley as John Mack assumes a leadership role were as follows: ? internal fights were taking place at all managerial levels between divisions , as the company at that moment was split in ten divisions and each one of it was totally focusing on profit maximization into it’s own area ? there were unequal distribution of wealth among pre and post IPO partners ? he firm was in a period of rapid growth , diversification and globalization period , environment that put a lot of pressure on people generally and management especially ? traditionally rivalry btw Fisher and Greenhill , Greenhill representing the interest of investment banking division , old and conservative and Fisher being the â€Å"new wave† into the company with it’s new divisions such as Sales and Marketing , Fixed Income Division -bottom line the company was ruled by very high ego persons ? long time decision-making due to the a. . rivalry and lack of communication ? no common goal and definitely not one that is shared with the entire organization – specific goals/division ? reluctance of the old personnel(senior mngmt) within the Investment Banking Division to John’s Mack attitude as a leader and it’s ideas of change ? the fact that divisions had to teach to give up profit orientation/division and to start interact with the rest of the company and try to generate best outcomes fm related businesses and common approach to certain customers ? ntegrated strategy at firm level and known by all it’s members – last but not least having their commitment for reaching the common objective â€Å"first class business in a first class way† Change in cultural values of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Morgan Stanley or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before the company â€Å"motto† would have been â€Å"each on his own† and now everybody should believe in common concept , have common symbols and behaviors ? John Mack was a real cultural hero bcs he has started with MS very early and he was promoted due to his competencies perfect example to be followed ? ue to this common leadership approach , they had to adapt to a lot of new things : appearance of new rules and clear procedure with regards to Organization Development , acceptance of kind of â€Å"guru† managers that were brought into the organization by J. Mack , well structured and communicated organization scheme , a lot of interaction between division through it’s middle and senior managers . Never the less , they had to adapt to J. Mack way of doing things : being at all times close to the peoples(no meter if they were executives or secretary) and very demanding in the same time 2. /Assess John Mack’s vision and values for Morgan Stanley? What are the key elements? How different is it from the way the firm has historically operated? His vision for MS was to â€Å"be the world’s best investment bank and the Firm of choice for our clients, our people and our shareholders†. The key elements for reaching this vision were: management to assume not just the role of being a manager , also the role of a real coach for it’s team , a pipe through with best ideas to flow and a on the job trainer for it’s subordinates ? certain freedom given to the employees for being innovative and take risks but aligned with company’s policy ? have a team oriented approach at global level ?put a real emphasis on people retention and development. Give clear direction and clear communication within the company for common objectives ? stop evaluating individually , and change the was to a collective evaluation ? ave total changed the mngmt behavior and get their total support ? have a lot of informal interaction and put an emphasize on this There is a total difference between new style of leadership and the old one, actually before; the company had no leaders, just managers who were controlling the business. Historical â€Å"way of doing things† was described within the first answer and we can add the recruitment policy, the missing of clear â€Å"career path† for employees, missing of common and shared values, even missing of common objectives. . /What recommendations would you make about how the process should be redesigned? We think that the way J. Mack started is very good by getting peoples under the same â€Å"umbrella† and putting them together to work to a common goal, prize them, reward them up to their team accomplishments; allowing them to know each other under informal meetings; letting the people to feel that they are making things happened, getting their commitment and forcing the to interact and communicate. An accent should be put in our opinion on cross selling activities – way that best results can appear fm a certain business and maybe a reorganization of the company , based on industry profile of serviced customers (e. g. for customers in commodity industry maybe a division should have been created and those employees to be able to offer the whole range of products and services to that customer without to force the customer to talk to a lot of people and sign a lot of separate contracts)-promoting the â€Å"One face to the customer† concept.

Effects and Solutions to the Eradicating of Illiteracy Essays

Effects and Solutions to the Eradicating of Illiteracy Essays Effects and Solutions to the Eradicating of Illiteracy Paper Effects and Solutions to the Eradicating of Illiteracy Paper Words: functional literacy, earnings determinants, Ghana, Sub-Sahara Africa Abstract This article analyzes the determinants of literacy and earnings in Ghana. It links literacy and earnings with a variety of factors, including age, gender, family educational background, distance to school, and income. Literacy and age are negatively correlated, suggesting that efforts at strengthening the supply and quality of basic education programs in recent years have been successful in raising literacy rates. Females are less literate than males, controlling for other actors. Parents education is positively associated with literacy. Distance to the nearest primary school, residency in a rural area, and poverty affect literacy negatively. Functional literacy appears to be a prerequisite for entering the labor market, Which may partly explain the lack Of return to education Other than middle school and technical/professional training. The policy implication of the study is that basic education and literacy programs should target females and poorer households, especially in rural areas. We would like to thank Rosemary Bellmen and Helena Rib for invaluable support. We are also indebted to Rocco Castro; Ronald Reneging; Nicolai Christensen; our discussant, Inhabitant Data Guppy; and the other participants at the conference on the Economics of Education and Human Capital, held by the Centre for Labor Market and Social Research and the Argus School Of Business, Denmark, in June, 1399, for helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed here are those Of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank or any of its member countries. Addresses: Department of Economics, The George Washington University, 2201 G street, Washington, DC 20052, USA and world Bank, 1818 H street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA E-mail: [emailprotected] Org, [emailprotected] Org. 1. INTRODUCTION Significant and rapid increases in earnings and education have taken place over the past hundred years in industrial economies. In developing economies the picture is different: High illiteracy rates and very low incomes, and thus widespread poverty, are realities for large parts of the world. Literacy and income are closely linked. Establishing and assessing the nature of these links may help increase both literacy rates and earnings, thereby eradicating poverty. In this article, we analyze the determinants of literacy and earnings in Ghana based on two household surveys. Our results link literacy and earnings with a variety factors, including age, gender, family educational background, distance to school, and income. Literacy and age are found to be inversely correlated, implying that younger generations are more literate than older generations. This relationship indicates that recent efforts to strengthen the supply and quality of basic education programs have been successful. Females are found to be less literate than males, controlling for Other factors. Parents education is positively correlated with their childrens literacy. Distance to the nearest primary school and residency in a rural area, are negatively correlated with literacy rates. Poverty and literacy are also negatively correlated. Our analysis Of the determinants Of earnings reveals no significant returns to education other than middle school and technical/professional training. This result may indicate that the quality of education in Ghana generally is poor. Alternatively, it could suggest that education is not serving as a signaling device in Ghana. Functional literacy affects selection into the labor market. In evolving countries, jobs are rationed (that is, demand-side determined). We therefore interpret this result to indicate that functional literacy is a prerequisite for entering the labor market. This interpretation may partly explain the lack of returns to education. The policy implications of these results are that greater efforts should be devoted to developing functional literacy skills and basic education. Policymakers should aim to increase both the supply and the quality of basic education and literacy programs. Basic education and literacy programs should target females and poorer households, especially in rural areas. The article is organized as follows. Section 2 describes changes in and determinants of literacy. Section 3 describes the Ghanaian economy. Section 4 presents the economic model and the econometric methodology underlying the analysis. Section 5 presents the data and descriptive statistics, and section 6 presents the regression analysis. Section 7 summarizes the articles findings and draws policy conclusions. 2. CHANGES IN AND DETERMINANTS OF LITERACY opinions differ widely over how best to define literacy. Unesco defines a functionally literate person as any person 15 or older who can read and write a simple statement on his or her everyday life (Unesco 1993, p. 24). The World Development Report (1997) also adopts this definition of functional literacy. Others propose a broader and more explicitly political definition. Paulo Ferrier, the Brazilian educator, sees literacy as a process of concentrations that involves reading the world rather than merely reading the word (Ferrier and Macedon 1987). Widespread literacy is a twentieth century phenomenon. Before the nineteenth century, when public school systems were developed, education was reserved for the few. School systems developed in industrial countries largely in response to increased and more peccadillo industrialization, which in turn lead to increased economic growth and demand for an even more educated labor-force. Over the past decade, education worldwide has exploded, as a result of the overstraining demand for still more specialized labor. Attitudes toward education have also shifted. Less than 50 years ago, education, especially higher education, was reserved largely for men. Today people in industrial countries believe the entire population has the right to education. 2. 1 Developments in Literacy in the United States Literacy progressed in stages in the united States. Initially, according to Has (1996), literacy spread because radical Protestants wanted to read the Bible. Their need for literacy lead to agitation for general public education in the nineteenth century. Literacy rates later rose as a result of several societal changes, beginning with Reconstruction (Coy 1988). Immigration during the Industrial Revolution and the Progressive reform movement increased literacy later in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. World War and the Depression forced the federal government into a more active and direct role, and literacy rose even farther. The civil rights event of the 1 *ass shifted the focus to minority groups, broadening efforts to fight illiteracy. Coy believes that the concept of functional literacy developed during this period and that the formalization of that concept helped increase the number of adult literacy programs. 2. 2 Developments in Literacy in Great Britain In Great Britain literacy also progressed in stages, Street (1995) identifies three distinct stages in the modern development of adult literacy programs. First, the recognition of adult illiteracy being a widespread phenomenon in the sass lead to increased focus on the issue. Government grants were provided, a national Right to Read Campaign was launched, and local practice and experience Vass developers During the sass and early sass the government-funded agency Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Licit emerged. The unit provided materials and guidelines for good practice and funded small research projects. Since the late sass there has been a shift in policy and focus, aiming at adjusting education toward changing national and economic needs. 2. 3 Rates of Literacy in Developing Countries Substantial regional differences in illiteracy rates exist. The rate of illiteracy is relatively low in Latin America and the Caribbean (13. 4) and very high in South Asia (50. 6 percent) (table 1). Ghana is in the middle of the spectrum, with an illiteracy rate of 35. 5 percent. Regions with high illiteracy rates also tend to have low per capita GNP and high philanderer ratio. Within Sub-Sahara Africa, substantial differences exist between Anglophone and Francophone countries (table 2). Illiteracy rates in Anglophone countries are 16 percentage points lower than in Francophone countries. Average per capita GNP in Anglophone countries is more than twice as high as in Francophone countries, school enrollments are higher, and pupil teacher ratios are lower (37. 8 pupils per teacher in Anglophone countries versus 47_3 pupils per teacher in Francophone countries). Table 1. Selected Social and Macroeconomic Indicators, Ghana and Six Regional Groups, 1995 Middle East Latin Europe Cubans America and North South Sahara and the East Asia Central Africa Asia Caribbean Africa Asia Ghana and Pacific Indicator Adult illiteracy rate (percent) 35. 16. 9 -? 13. 4 38. 7 50. 6 44. 0 GNP per capita 350. 0 807. 8 -? 3,419. 8 -? 354. 1 485. 6 Gross primary enrollment ratio 76. 0 1154 99. 6 Ill . 5 96. 5 egg. C 74. 6 (percent) Ratio of primary school pupils to 27. 6 24. 2 20. 0 24. 5 27. 8 62. 7 40. 6 teachers Notes: -? Not available, gross primary enrollment ratio and ratio Of primary school pupils to teachers for Ghana are for 1993. Source: World Bank Detests database. Table 2. Selected Social and Macroeconomic Indicators, Ghana and Anglophone and Francophone Countries in Substandard Africa, 1995 Indicator Ghana Anglophone countries Francophone countries in Sub-Sahara Africa in Sub- Sahara Africa Adult illiteracy rate (percent) 35. 5 36. 1 51. 9 GNP per capita 350. 0 675. 7 333. 4 Gross enrollment ratio (percent), primary 76. 88. 8 64. 4 Ratio of pupils to teachers, primary 27. 6 37. 8 47. 3 Notes: Gross primary enrollment ratio and ratio of primary school pupils to teachers for Ghana are for 1993, Source: World Bank Detests database. 2. Worldwide Increases in Literacy For the world as a whole, illiteracy rates have declined significantly, falling from almost 40 percent in 19/0 to just AS percent in 1990. Rates of illiteracy fell even more dramatically in developing countries, declining from SO percent in 1970 to AS percent in Gigs (Limb; 1996). Wide differences across gender, geographical region, and age exist within countries, however. Or the most part, m ales have higher literacy rates than females, urban areas have higher literacy rates than rural areas, and younger generations have higher literacy rates than older generations. Limb (I egg) also draws attention to the fact that while total illiteracy rates have been falling, the proportion of women in the Worlds total illiterate population has been rising. Three reasons for this tendency are suggested: the technologies of goods production, the nature Of human reproduction, and institutionalizing Of violence in the state. 2. 5 Literature on the Determinants of Literacy Little has been written on he determinants Of literacy. Law, Sprat, and Laborer (1995) analyze the determinants of literacy in Morocco. They find that illiteracy is more widespread among females than among males, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and inversely correlated with age. The negative relationship between age and literacy may reflect both deteriorating literacy skills over time and improvements in the quality of education. Cavy, Sprat, and Laborer also find that parents literacy and household expenditure level positively affect the level of childrens literacy, suggesting that poverty and family background are important determinants to literacy. Verne (1999) analyzes the determinants of worldwide literacy rates by applying a human capital framework. She finds that enrollment rates, average years of schooling of adults, and life expectancy at birth are the main determinants of literacy, Income affects literacy in a nonlinear fashion, with a negative impact until a threshold of about $2,000 income per year per capita, after which the effect is positive, Institutional and regional variables are not very important in explaining literacy across countries. Literacy rates differ widely across regions, a finding that can be explained by social and economic notations 3. AN OVERVIEW OF THE GHANAIAN ECONOMY Ghana is a low-income country, With per capita income Of 5406 in 1998 (World Bank 199%). It relies heavily on the agricultural sector, in particular cocoa, which accounts for almost half of GAP (World Bank Bibb). From the mid. CSS to the mid. sass, declining cocoa production and trade restrictions stalled economic growth in Ghana. The return of more than a million Ghanaian from Nigeria in 1982-83 and a prolonged drought in 1982 caused growth rates to fall to laetrile low levels by about 1984 In conjunction with the MIFF and the World Bank, the Ghanaian government initiated he Economic Recovery Program (ERR) in 1983. The program implemented a number of policy reforms aimed at restoring macroeconomic stability, encouraging savings and investment, providing an enabling environment for the private sector, and improving public sector management, including prevarication of some of the many publicly owned enterprises, The ERR places significant emphasis on education. The Education Sector Reform Program, established in 1987, improved the efficiency, quality, and relevance of education. The program also increased access to education and shortened the length of pre-university schooling from 17 to 12 years. As a result of the reform program, spending on education rose from 1. 4 percent of GAP in 1983 to 3. 8 percent of GAP in 1934. The governments plans for additional reforms are outlined in its development starter, Ghana-vision 2020 (Republic of Ghana 1935). A substantial part of the programs social agenda is aimed at basic education. Specific goals include achieving universal basic education and adult literacy, increasing access to secondary and tertiary education, and strengthening laborer skills by increasing technical and vocational training. To achieve these goals, the overspent, With the assistance Of the World Bank and Other donors, launched the Basic Education Sector Improvement Program in 1996. The program plans to increase investment in school facilities and teacher housing in rural areas and to strengthen science and math in the curriculum by raising education expenditures from 3. 8 percent of GAP in 1998 to 4. Percent in 2001. 4. THE ECONOMIC MODEL AND THE ECONOMETRIC FRAMEWORK The framework tort the analysis is standard human capital theory, in which individuals build up knowledge and skills through education and experience specific on-the-job experience as well as general experience (Becker 1975: Minced 1974). According to the theory, individuals who invest in human capital are subsequently rewarded with higher earnings. Formally, the economic model may be derived from the theory of either household or individual demand for schooling, both of which view education as an investment in human capital. In industrial economies, in which subsidies for education are common, the investment decision may be viewed as an individual decision; in developing economies the relevant decision unit may be the household (Chandler, Lava, and Filmier 1994; Mason and Chandler 1997). Households will invest in education up to the point at which the marginal benefit from an additional year Of schooling equals the marginal cost of an additional year of schooling. In the traditional human capital literature, earnings are determined by education and Other individual, household, and, possibly, community characteristics. Earnings are observed, however. Only for individuals who have positive earnings (that is, who actually supply labor). To take this into account, we specify a labor supply function. Our model then becomes: (1) (2) Ii Is E(lie, HI, Chi) S(lie, Hair Chi) This implicitly assumes that the household decommissioned possesses perfect information and that capital markets are perfect. Both assumptions are very restrictive and appear unrealistic in developing economies. Where Ii (earnings of individual i) and Is (the labor supply of individual i) are the dependent variables; is a vector of individual characteristics, such as age and age squared (to capture possible nonlinearities), gender, the individuals level of education, and the level of education of the individuals parents; H is a vector of household characteristics, such as the wealth of the household: and C is a vector f community variables, such as urban versus rural location. Literacy, L, is then determined by the following simple model: (3) Lie = L(lie, Hi, Chi) The explanatory variables are similar to those in the earnings equation, with some differences. In order to investigate the possible link between poverty and literacy, we include earnings and the poverty quintile of the household in H. We also include a measure Of the distance to the nearest primary school in C To analyze the determinants of earnings, we use a Hickman selection model (1976, 1979), which can be briefly described as follows. Consider the earnings regression: (4) In Wi = Xi; * Ii here In Wi is log-earnings for individual i, Xi is a vector of explanatory variables for individual i, is a vector of parameters, and Ii is an error term capturing unobserved variables, The problem in estimating equation 4 is that we implicitly apply a sample selection rule because we observe only earnings of individuals who work; potential earnings of people who do not supply labor are not incorporated. If the sample has characteristics that dieter from those of the underlying population in a nonrandom fashion, it will suffer from a selection bias, which, if not taken into account, will lead to biased parameter estimates. Hessians solution to this problem is to incorporate the labor supply choice in the earnings equation. The earnings and labor supply choice equations thus become: In Wiz = Uzi where equation 5 is the earnings equation (equivalent to equation 4), in equation 6 is a latent variable that reflects the excess utility from participating in the labor market, and Uzi is a vector of variables explaining the labor supply decision of individual i. The latent variable l* corresponds to the indicator variable: lie- 1 if > 0, 0 otherwise The model is estimated by first estimating the inverse Mills ratio and then including it as an additional regresses in equation 5: (7) In Wi Kip -t- Ii where ski is an estimate of the inverse Mills ratio for individual i. The Hickman model views labor supply as an individual choice. This view may be inappropriate in a development context, where the absence of (public) safety nets means that there is not likely to be much of a choice involved in the labor supply decision. The labor actually supplied to the market is likely to be determined more from the demand sid e than from the supply side. This contrasts with industrial economies, in which the labor supply decision is likely to be made in a different Skilled workers are more likely to supply their labor than unskilled workers since they forgo more income than do skilled workers by staying idle (given that there is a social safety net whose benefits are high enough not to force them into working). We applied the maximum likelihood version of the Hickman selection model -? rather than the Two-Step version in order to be able to weight the data. We view the Hickman model as the general model, the validity of which must be tested against the reduced model, The reduced model here is the standard earnings equation, which is nested within the selection model. That is, the standard earnings equation is a special case of the selection model in which the selection correction terms, Ai, are statistically insignificantly different trot zero. S. THE DATA AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS We test the model using data from two household surveys, the 1931192 Ghana Living Standards Survey (GILLS) and the 1997 Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire (CSCW). GILLS aims at obtaining measures of the living standard in Ghana on several dimensions, including health and education/literacy_ The survey is very extensive and includes 4,565 schooled. The CSCW aims mainly at providing data applicable for analyzing factors affecting poverty, education, and labor markets issues. It contains a much smaller number of questions (questions about earnings, for example, are not included) but a larger sample of households (14,514) and individuals (60,686). 5. Results on Literacy Investigating literacy and its covariates for the GELS data enables differentiating between several types Of literacy and reveals that being able to read and write in English is associated with higher earnings than is being able to read and write in one or more Ghanaian languages (table 3). The various measures of literacy are highly correlated, however. A problem that is likely to cause collinear in the regression analysis of the next section. To circumvent these problems, we comb ine the various literacy variables into a single composite measure of functional literacy.

CV and personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CV and personal statement - Essay Example After travelling to other countries, I become a witness as to how modernity changes the phase of infrastructure development. Along with the rapid advancement of science, new technologies are introduced together with better materials which gave way to the creation of taller, more astounding, and beautiful buildings. However, I still often look back at the Great Wall as it provides me with the fondest memories and my huge ambitions of becoming an engineer. I often wish I can build something as significant and distinct as a legacy to world of my existence. I have long admitted my incapacity of building my own Great Wall to be remembered for. However, I remain committed to my aim of building my legacy through pursuing every opportunity to further my strengths and competencies which include seeking admission to graduate school. I dream that someday, I will be able to utilize my knowledge and skills through the aid of technological advancements to erect infrastructure which will be mark my contribution to the world. It might not be as grand, popular, and even remarkable as the Great Wall but it will stand as the fulfillment of my aspirations and will serve as witness to the long years I have labored in acquiring knowledge and skills in the field of engineering. The last four years in my life that I spent in the University College of London marks my continued voyage of finding more about the application of technical and scientific knowledge in the design of efficient processes, machines, and systems. These years have introduced me with the basic concepts of engineering but even increased my interest in acquiring the specialized knowledge and skills that I need to gear me with in order to become a civil engineer. However, I also believed that professional knowledge is inadequate but should go hand in hand with application. Inside our classroom, I have painstaking learned about combining science and technical

Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Report - Research Paper Example though most companies usually fail to offer any incentives to the franchisees they are engaged with owing to the fact that they (franchisees) are residual claimants, there are a bunch that have seen this as a noble action. Incentives to franchisees can come in the form of discounted franchise fee, reduced royalties and buy-back assurance. Also, a contract extension has been seen by many economists as a major incentive that has produced incredible results in many franchise business models (Barkoff and Selden 101). Discounts and reduced royalties are noticeably the most widely used incentives when it comes to franchising. According to Hero (121), different brands have incorporated these types of incentives because of their effectiveness. It has been reported by many economists as the real motivator that boosts the performance of the franchisees. When brands reduce the royalties and allow discounts, their franchising partners become more enthusiastic and initiate programs and strategies that aim at improving the brand’s marketing. Those brands that extend contract (especially if the franchisees benefits) are also involved directly in offering

General Suggested improvements Essay Example for Free

General Suggested improvements Essay The improvements I suggest would include having utilities like File Wipe and data encryption, Firewalls and other Malware protection. You should employ tactics such as Health and Safety messages, such as only water may be near the computers, and then it should be in a secure bottle and such things as data awareness, e. g. , people knowing what they should and should not delete and where data is held and why they should have passwords and why there should be strong passwords. There should be efficient junk-mail filters on your email to avoid any viruses coming into your system by email. Task 2: Types of threats to your physical security with suggested improvements(P2) Biometrics These are mechanical security measures that detect fingerprints, gait recognition and iris detection, etc. Be aware that these methods are not foolproof! There are people out there who spend every day trying to beat these systems. Physical security These are security measures like locks and bolts on doors and windows. Security guards and dogs could be employed, and burglar alarms such as motion sensors, noise detection and other sorts of alarms; CCTV cameras and Smart cameras to be deployed inside and outside the building. The doors to the server should be locked and a security guard should be positioned outside the door. With the servers hardrives being locked in place and for higher security measures, having a vault door in front of the server, and having the access keys 12 metres apart, and operated simultaneously by two separate employees, would ensure greater (but not foolproof) security. You could invest in a disaster resistant room with fire resistant tiles, and some way of filtering flood or excess water, and some way of cooling things down if the air conditioning breaks down to avoid the server being flooded and/or cooked, for your server to resist things like terrorist attacks, e. g. , bombs and/or the unlikely but still possible event of a tornado. All these physical security systems could help to make your business secure. Describe how software and network security measures can help keep systems and data secure. (P3, M1) Software and Network Security The first suggestion I would make would be buy or download your software from reputable retailers. Unlicensed and cracked software could also have incorporated Malware in the cracking code and also, you could be in trouble with the law if you use unlicensed software. You should have the relevant security software up to date and make sure your anti-Malware protection is not actually Malware pretending to be anti-Malware to fool you. Firewalls Firewalls are metaphorically a wall between you and the Internet which denies access to anything you havent specified (i. e. , hackers and malicious websites or material). Every computer has a unique identification address, made up of a series of numbers, and also given a domain name corresponding to those numbers, for easier access, e. g. , howstuffworks. com is also known as 216. 27. 61. 137 . A firewall can block all access to a specific IP address. Firewalls can also filter messages and monitor attempted break-ins. Firewalls can also be implemented in certain machines to allow only one protocol, e. g. , http or tcp and block all others. Encryption Encryption is a process turning regular text, pictures and other data into illegible text and pictures and data through a series of simple or complicated algorithms depending on your security needs. The text will turn out like this:- 5ugre54jyt656f5t8uf which , for anybody who can speak double Dutch, means absolutely nothing. Encryption is important for sensitive personal information or any business related information which would make it harder for the hackers to uphold your information in any legible way. In encryption techniques, there are two types of keys, Public and Private. The Public Key is a key that can be passed around and made public. This is to encrypt any information. Once a person has encrypted the information, it cannot be decrypted without the Private Key which is a password, not necessarily a word in the English sense, it can be any combination of letters and numbers, which is more advisable. For greater security, the password should be separate from any digital medium but some software allows you to store it on your computer for automatic decryption. Anti-Virus Software. Anti-virus software protects against viruses. They have a database of the general layout of viruses so they can recognise any future viruses and also any existing ones. This is a critical piece of software, particularly if your computer has a virus, as this can cause it to slow down or not work altogether, so it is highly advisable to have some sort of anti-virus software installed. Staff Training. It is important to provide regulations or Code of Conduct in your Company, e. g. , you could specify that employees may only use their email for work purposes. Staff should be aware that it is insecure to leave a computer logged on when they are not around and also not to leave their laptops in cars or on public transport. Laptops should not be left in cars overnight in cold conditions as this could disable them. Computers should not be left in any condition where they could overheat and destroy the contents inside. Staff should also be aware that viruses and other Malware can be sent via email attachments so they must not open any email attachments unless you specifically know what that attachment contains. Staff should also be trained in data management. This is keeping your files in a structured and organised fashion, having sensible file names and folder names, knowing what should and should not be deleted, knowing how to achieve deleted items, and knowing what to do when other office programmes crash and knowing where you can get the autosave files from. The final training staff need to know is about copyright, registered trademarks and patent Laws and also plagiarism. Biometrics. Biometrics is fusing biology with IT in the fact that fingerprints can be used to access computers or other physical areas. Known biometrics are:- gait recognition, fingerprint scanning, iris detection, speech recognition. The costs of these security measures can be quite expensive, especially the newer ones like gait recognition and iris detection. More conventional biometrics are relatively cheap like fingerprinting and speech which are probably the most common ones around. Passwords. Passwords are crucial to deter any opportunistic data thieves. If everybody has a strong password, these types of thieves will be stopped. When signing up for a Google mail account, they have an indicator next to the password, they have a scale next to the password selected, to indicate whether this is a weak to strong password. Generally, weak passwords are 1 6, your dogs name, your wifes names, or any similar name, important dates like your birthday. These are considered weak passwords as they can easily be guessed. Strong passwords are usually an alphanumeric combination of upper and lower case letters, for instance, GIRfufr57fjy, keep systems and data secure. Call Back Call back is the CPU putting a process on hold, to go back to it later. Handshaking Handshaking is the computer and a another computer deciding on the protocol. Use of Backups The use of Backups are essential to your business, so that if your hard drive fails you will need to get a new hard drive and if you neglected to back up your computer, all your data is lost. So backups are essential to keep data secure. Audit logs Audit logs are programmes to log any changes to your computer, eg when you log in, the audit logs check the logs for your username against your password and do you have authorisation to access to continue if so more checking, keeping systems secure. Firewall Firewalls are metaphorically a wall between you and the Internet which denies access to anything you havent specified (i. e. , hackers and malicious websites or material). Every computer has a unique identification address, made up of a series of numbers, and also given a domain name corresponding to those numbers, for easier access, e. g. , howstuffworks. com is also known as 216. 27. 61. 137 . A firewall can block all access to a specific IP address. Firewalls can also filter messages and monitor attempted break-ins. Firewalls can also be implemented in certain machines to allow only one protocol, e. g. , http or tcp and block all others, keeping systems and data secure. Configuration You need to configure your computer and/or network security to your security policies. If you configure your security properly it will prevent unauthorised access onto your network or accidental deletion of data. The configuration is important to keep your system running smoothly and your work safe.

A Theological Response to Natural Suffering :: Earthquake Religion Suffering God Papers

A Theological Response to Natural Suffering In his book, The Sacred Canopy, Peter Berger asserts that ``Religion has played a strategic part in the human enterprise of world building,`` and `` implies the farthest reach of his ( man`s) infusion of reality with his own meaning.`` (Berger, 1967, 27) Thus, theology, another term for religion, is the foundation of human sense of the meaning of life and closely related to our daily life. The 921 earthquake occured on September 21, 1999 that caused the most serious damage in Taiwan since 1935. Besides the 921 earthquake, there have been many other earthquakes and typhoons in Taiwan that have caused a great deal of loss of lives and properties. How do these people sense the meaning of the suffering in their lives? How does theology give them the appropriate answers to help them to deal with their suffering? These issues are the ministry of theology. The purpose of this project is to examine natural suffering through the understanding of the earthquake and the various perspectives of the suffering and its relationship with the Ultimate Reality, God. The goal is to identify an appropriate explanation of natural suffering and to help those suffering to heal, undergo personal transformation, and start new lives. The September 21, 1999 Earthquake Basic facts about the 921 earthquake At 1:47 on the morning of September 21,1999, Dr. Tsai, the president of Puli Christian hospital, drove on the road back to Puli. Twenty seconds after he passed a tunnel, he felt the vibration of the highway. When he turned his head, he found the tunnel he had just passed had collapse, and the crack of the road before almost made him loose control of his car. It was a strong earthquake that slammed the central area of Taiwan. The earthquake was measured 7.3 on the Richter scale. During the earthquake, the people of the entire island felt the shaking of earth beneath them and the building for a few minutes. In Nanto, the area of the epicenter, almost all of the buildings collapsed. In Taichung, a close metropolis, many buildings collapsed or bent. For the rest of the night, all the people in Taiwan were in the terror from numerous aftershocks. According to one citizen`s description, although the building she lived in was not damaged, her family slept in their car all night for fear that their home would collapse in the next aftershock.

John F. Kennedy – the Speaker

I choose John F. Kennedy to write about as he epitomizes a great speaker to me. As I learned in class and in reading the textbook, credibility is key for any speaker to be fully respected. I believe that John F. Kennedy not only meets this qualification but surpasses it. Over the years I have looked at his speaking methodology and tried to follow his direction in speaking with knowledge, truth, and having the credibility on the subject matter. After being sworn into office, one of the best speeches was given by John F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. His inauguration speech gripped the whole nation, and it was so powerful that people still quote it to this day. It is one of the greatest speeches of all time that was ever written. The reason so many people remember quotes from this speech word for word is that there is a strong reaction to the pathos, ethos and logos in the people who hear it. John F. Kennedy was the United States’ thirty fifth president. He received his undergraduate degree from Harvard and then entered the Navy. He started out as a reporter before he entered politics. Afterwards he wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning â€Å"Profiles in Courage†. Because Kennedy was the youngest president to take office, he faced much skepticism from his critics. This speech gave him recognition that was positive, although it had many purposes. In order to encourage the public of America to become actively involved with their country is why the inaugural address was written (Goldzwig & Dionisopoulos, 1995). Evident throughout John F. Kennedy's speech is energy that is youthful. Even though he just won a difficult campaign, his focus was not on the policies that contributed to his victory. The objectives he has are shown in powerful appeals to emotion, through establishing a link with the common American citizen. Drawing from his past but focusing on his future, he is able to personalize his speech (Boller, 1967). Kennedy's words stress his active goal of uniting two divisive camps. He discusses the great responsibilities he carries as a president and worldwide symbol of peace, and toward the end of his speech, he says: â€Å"I do not shrink from this responsibility — I welcome it. His listeners are allowed to hear the strength of this determination from the showing of his persistence as a leader. His stance is that the world can only be bettered by accumulated effort therefore he extends his energies to everyone. When he places the focus on what can be done for the solving of the problem, the activism in his speech can be seen very clearly. His fina l aim for peace between debatable forces becomes obvious with his idea to, â€Å"have strong power to eliminate other nations with complete control of every nations. â€Å"Complete† emphasizes the bold diction applied to his speech, and it unites zeugma. He knows that people are afraid of this world, and he represents the boldness to let them know somebody is available that is not scared to have a peace negotiation (Barnes, 2005). Some of Kennedy's appeals that were the best to the audience were created by the diction that was metaphorical. An example of such use of metaphor is his vow to southern nations â€Å"to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. Here, his metaphor not only clarifies his goal of liberation but emphasizes that freedom means not repeating historical injustices. He speaks of evil tyrants in history stating, â€Å"Those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside,† plainly illustrat ing his plans of becoming a moral figure on the international level. Formal diction evokes a sense of national pride, especially by respectfully referring to past Americans as â€Å"forebears. † In the beginning sentence he ingeniously calls upon other citizens and addresses lots of government types. He places the Americans on course with the others spoken about (Heath, 1976). Kennedy does not drag on too long on a point, which is allowed with his use of paragraphs that are short, and some cases paragraphs that are composed of one sentence. His short rhetorical questions, applicable to almost anybody, make his speeches appeal to a great deal of people. A prime example of these short questions is, ‘Will you join us in this historic effort? ‘, which was intended to bring individuals together against a common enemy, but longer and more intricate sentences are more common in this speech. Incongruous remarks such as the famous â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country,† are visible all over, and they work well in making his intended points. These sentences are characteristic of his use of parallelism, where he lists many key ideas to make one long sentence (Liebovich, 2001). Kennedy takes advantage of declarative sentences to convey his strength. An example of this includes, â€Å"to those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free,† as well as, â€Å"to those people in huts and villages across the globe. By repeating these declarations, he makes it appear as if he will definitely implement his plan. A good part of his speech is to call people into action. He uses exhortation sentences, such as his mentions of â€Å"let both sides†¦ † that show his collaborative approach. He remains with his active approach with the use of sentences in the imperative; however, the humility shows through in t hese calls to action. He tells citizens to come up, themselves, with ways to help. The use of antithesis in writing is seen through the skillful arrangement of sentences, where he first says what not to do and follows up with a statement of what must take place. He effectively groups ideas together when rhetorically necessary, such as his description of man's common struggle against, â€Å"tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself. † As Kennedy shows, strong points require firm diction and even occasionally backwards syntax. Soviets sent the first man out to space on April 26, 1961. This success was used by Khrushchev as prime evidence of the superiority of communism over decadent capitalism. Ashamed, the US worried it was behind the Russians and not winning the race to get into space. After speaking with political types and NASA workers, Kennedy thought the US should bravely go ahead and put a man on the moon. The United States, after this feat, would not only surpass the Soviet Union by far, but, in the words of Neil Armstrong, accomplish â€Å"one giant leap† for humankind's knowledge of science and space. And by the end of the '60s, it would be â€Å"mission accomplished. † Kennedy set timeline for its success and was straightforward and strong with his goal that was ambitious. By offering a notable speech imploring Americans to put the effort in to be the first to put a man on the moon, Kennedy contributed a huge force towards the success of this space exploration program goal (Heath, 1976). Kennedy stated,† I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. † Kennedy also said, at the time of the Berlin wall problem, â€Å"All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and therefore as a free man, I take pride in the words: â€Å"Ich bin ein Berliner! (â€Å"I am a Berliner†). Finally, but of equal importance, we can view his speaking and leading talents working, at the Cuban – Missile crisis where U-2 jets discovered that the Soviet Union were quietly giving Cuba missiles. President Kennedy decided to employ a naval blockade (Barnes, 2005). â€Å"All ships of any kind bound for Cuba will, if found t o contain cargo of offensive weapons, be turned back. † The greatest service he made was laying the foundation for passing a civil rights bill that gave all Americans equal rights. For this to be a reality, black America fought very hard. Speeches John F. Kennedy’s knack for the spoken word was unrivalled. His oratorical mastery coupled with a dosage of the Boston accent continues to inspire and influence speechwriters decades later. Kennedy magnificent speeches made interesting watching and listening. The moving speeches that played a central role in his candidacy and eventual presidency were written in team mode by one Ted Sorenson. Ted Sorenson, who was Kennedy’s close advisor, did not work in isolation as he incorporated a team of brilliant writers. Phrases authored by Sorenson captured the imagination of a generation which are highlighted in his book-Counsellor- that looks at the attributes of Kennedy as a communicator. John F. Kennedy’s life was rich with memorable moments that provided fodder for his speechwriters to pen the memorable speeches. Such moments include his heroics in the war front, clinching the senate seat and rising to the presidency. His dazzling speeches gave his ever keen audience the feeling that they knew him. Kennedy had the audience eager and expectant to hear his speech even before he uttered a word. Barrack Obama oratorical abilities are similar to those of John F. Kennedy. Ted Sorenson Legendary speechwriter, Theodore Chaikin â€Å"Ted† Sorensen was born in May 8, 1928. Sorenson, who President Kennedy referred to as an â€Å"intellectual blood bank† is of counsel at the law firm of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. Sorensen is synonymous with John F. Kennedy’s speeches, counsel and adviser. He effectively played the role of John F. Kennedy counsel and adviser and most importantly was the architect of his spellbinding speeches. He coined the phrase that exhorted listeners to â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country† in Kennedy’s inaugural speech. Sorensen states that although he was pivotal in the composition of the inaugural speech the phrase that became a clarion call of the Kennedy administration was â€Å"written by Kennedy himself† contrary to what many believe. Sorensen’s entry to foreign policy was necessitated after the debacle that was the Bay of Pigs when the President asked him to take part in the discussion. He was handy in resolving the Cuban Missile Crisis, assisting in preparing John F. Kennedy correspondence with Nikita Khruschev. He initially served as a special counsel and advisor in charge of the domestic agenda. Following the assassination of Kennedy, Sorensen helped Lyndon B. Johnson who succeeded John F. Kennedy, in his first few months, according to LBJ memoirs. He authored Lyndon B. Johnson’s maiden speech to the congress and also his state of the union address. He departed to the White House to write John F. Kennedy biography that was published in 1965. The biography that went on to become an international bestseller and was subsequently translated to several languages illuminating the life and times of John F. Kennedy in the White House. A Legacy John F. Kennedy is credited with minimal legislative accomplishment. Although he was the brainchild of the landmark legislation of the civil rights action, he did not live to see it materialize. John F. Kennedy’s aspirations, spirit, lineage, and perceived strengths continue to inspire people across the world and leaders who want to emulate his oratorical skills. Kennedy’s mastery in the art of speaking was helped by the fact that he was not bitter. He would occasionally point for effect. He effectively used these public speaking basics. John F. Kennedy remains a phenomenal even today with politicians from all political spectrum and business leaders across the continent listening to his speech structures and delivery. ? REFERENCES Barnes, J. A. (2005). John F. Kennedy on Leadership: The Lessons and Legacy of a President. New York: AMACOM. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? =o=111448711 Boller, P. F. (1967). Quotemanship: The Use and Abuse of Quotations for Polemical and Other Purposes. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University Press. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=10910248 Goldzwig, S. R. , & Dionisopoulos, G. N. (1995). In a Perilous Hour: The Public Address of John F. Kennedy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=35345061 Heath, J. F. (1976). Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy-Johnson Years. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=84371896 Liebovich, L. W. (2001). The Press and the Modern Presidency: Myths and Mindsets from Kennedy to Election 2000. Westport, CT: Praeger. Retrieved November 12, 2009, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o=101157275 Simon Maier and Jeremy Kourdi. (1999). The 100 Insights and lessons from 100 of the greatest speeches ever delivered. Retrieved from: http://www. leadershipexpertise. com/resources/The %20100%20Excerpts. pdf